diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/ChannelEntryController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/ChannelEntryController.php
index eb88ec3..478f57b 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/ChannelEntryController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/ChannelEntryController.php
@@ -68,13 +68,7 @@ class ChannelEntryController extends Controller
                 }
                 $user->fill($userPayload)->save();
 
-                $application = Application::query()->firstOrCreate(
-                    [
-                        'user_id' => $user->id,
-                        'competition_id' => $competition->id,
-                    ],
-                    ['status' => 'draft']
-                );
+                $application = Application::firstOrCreateDraft($user->id, $competition->id);
                 $application->fill([
                     'signup_channel_id' => $channel->id,
                     'signup_channel_code' => $channel->channel_code,
diff --git a/app/Models/Application.php b/app/Models/Application.php
index 40b76f4..4dfa2ed 100644
--- a/app/Models/Application.php
+++ b/app/Models/Application.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace App\Models;
 
 use App\Support\ProjectCode;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
@@ -11,6 +12,8 @@ use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
 class Application extends Model
 {
+    public const EXCLUDE_SOFT_DELETED_SCOPE = 'excludeSoftDeleted';
+
     protected $fillable = [
         'project_code',
         'user_id',
@@ -44,10 +47,24 @@ class Application extends Model
         'promise_signed_at' => 'datetime',
         'submitted_at' => 'datetime',
         'signup_channel_entered_at' => 'datetime',
+        'deleted_at' => 'datetime',
     ];
 
+    public static function hasDeletedAtColumn(): bool
+    {
+        return Schema::hasColumn((new static)->getTable(), 'deleted_at');
+    }
+
     protected static function booted(): void
     {
+        static::addGlobalScope(self::EXCLUDE_SOFT_DELETED_SCOPE, function (Builder $builder): void {
+            if (! static::hasDeletedAtColumn()) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $builder->whereNull($builder->getModel()->qualifyColumn('deleted_at'));
+        });
+
         static::created(function (Application $application): void {
             if (! Schema::hasColumn($application->getTable(), 'project_code')) {
                 return;
@@ -63,6 +80,23 @@ class Application extends Model
 
     public static function firstOrCreateDraft(int $userId, int $competitionId): self
     {
+        if (static::hasDeletedAtColumn()) {
+            $trashed = static::withoutGlobalScope(self::EXCLUDE_SOFT_DELETED_SCOPE)
+                ->where('user_id', $userId)
+                ->where('competition_id', $competitionId)
+                ->whereNotNull('deleted_at')
+                ->first();
+
+            if ($trashed !== null) {
+                $trashed->forceFill([
+                    'deleted_at' => null,
+                    'status' => 'draft',
+                ])->save();
+
+                return $trashed->fresh();
+            }
+        }
+
         return static::query()->firstOrCreate(
             [
                 'user_id' => $userId,
diff --git a/tests/Feature/AdminApplicationListTest.php b/tests/Feature/AdminApplicationListTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..827bf8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/AdminApplicationListTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\AdminUser;
+use App\Models\Application;
+use App\Models\Competition;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Laravel\Sanctum\Sanctum;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class AdminApplicationListTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    public function test_admin_application_list_excludes_soft_deleted_records(): void
+    {
+        Sanctum::actingAs(AdminUser::query()->create([
+            'username' => 'admin_list',
+            'password_hash' => 'unused',
+            'name' => '管理员',
+            'status' => 'active',
+        ]));
+
+        $competition = Competition::query()->create([
+            'slug' => 'xxf',
+            'name' => '测试赛',
+            'published' => true,
+        ]);
+
+        $active = Application::query()->create([
+            'user_id' => User::query()->create(['mobile' => '13800138001'])->id,
+            'competition_id' => $competition->id,
+            'status' => 'submitted',
+            'project_name' => '有效项目',
+        ]);
+
+        $deleted = Application::query()->create([
+            'user_id' => User::query()->create(['mobile' => '13800138002'])->id,
+            'competition_id' => $competition->id,
+            'status' => 'submitted',
+            'project_name' => '已删除项目',
+        ]);
+        $deleted->forceFill(['deleted_at' => now()])->save();
+
+        $response = $this->getJson("/api/v1/admin/competitions/{$competition->id}/applications?status=submitted")
+            ->assertOk();
+
+        $ids = collect($response->json('data'))->pluck('id')->all();
+
+        $this->assertContains($active->id, $ids);
+        $this->assertNotContains($deleted->id, $ids);
+    }
+}