diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUserTalentTags.php b/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUserTalentTags.php
index d34fdff..06be251 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUserTalentTags.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUserTalentTags.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class UpdateUserTalentTags extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $signature = 'update:user-talent-tags {--clean-duplicates : 清理已存在的重复标签}';
+    protected $signature = 'update:user-talent-tags {--clean-duplicates : 清理已存在的重复标签} {--only-clean : 仅清理重复标签，不执行更新}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ class UpdateUserTalentTags extends Command
      */
     public function handle()
     {
+        // 如果指定了仅清理选项，只执行清理后退出
+        if ($this->option('only-clean')) {
+            $this->cleanDuplicateTags();
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         // 如果指定了清理重复标签选项，先执行清理
         if ($this->option('clean-duplicates')) {
             $this->cleanDuplicateTags();
@@ -209,6 +215,7 @@ class UpdateUserTalentTags extends Command
 
         $cleanedCount = 0;
         $totalCleaned = 0;
+        $unchangedCount = 0;
 
         DB::beginTransaction();
 
@@ -216,14 +223,30 @@ class UpdateUserTalentTags extends Command
             foreach ($users as $user) {
                 $originalTags = $user->talent_tags;
 
-                // 将标签转换为数组
-                $tagsArray = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode(',', $originalTags)));
+                // 将标签转换为数组，去除空值
+                $tagsArray = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode(',', $originalTags)), function ($tag) {
+                    return !empty($tag);
+                });
+
+                // 去重（保持顺序，使用严格比较）
+                $uniqueTagsArray = [];
+                $seen = [];
+                foreach ($tagsArray as $tag) {
+                    $tag = trim($tag);
+                    if (!empty($tag) && !in_array($tag, $seen, true)) {
+                        $uniqueTagsArray[] = $tag;
+                        $seen[] = $tag;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // 重新索引数组
+                $uniqueTagsArray = array_values($uniqueTagsArray);
 
-                // 去重
-                $uniqueTagsArray = array_values(array_unique($tagsArray));
+                // 如果去重后数量减少或顺序改变，需要更新
+                $originalCount = count($tagsArray);
+                $uniqueCount = count($uniqueTagsArray);
 
-                // 如果去重后数量减少，说明有重复
-                if (count($tagsArray) > count($uniqueTagsArray)) {
+                if ($originalCount !== $uniqueCount || implode(',', $tagsArray) !== implode(',', $uniqueTagsArray)) {
                     $cleanedTags = implode(',', $uniqueTagsArray);
                     $user->talent_tags = $cleanedTags;
                     $user->save();
@@ -233,7 +256,9 @@ class UpdateUserTalentTags extends Command
                     $this->info("  到: {$cleanedTags}");
 
                     $cleanedCount++;
-                    $totalCleaned += (count($tagsArray) - count($uniqueTagsArray));
+                    $totalCleaned += ($originalCount - $uniqueCount);
+                } else {
+                    $unchangedCount++;
                 }
             }
 
@@ -244,11 +269,13 @@ class UpdateUserTalentTags extends Command
             $this->info('清理完成！');
             $this->info("清理了 {$cleanedCount} 个用户的重复标签");
             $this->info("共移除 {$totalCleaned} 个重复标签");
+            $this->info("无需清理: {$unchangedCount} 个用户");
             $this->info('========================================');
             $this->info('');
         } catch (\Exception $e) {
             DB::rollBack();
             $this->error('清理重复标签时发生错误: ' . $e->getMessage());
+            $this->error('错误堆栈: ' . $e->getTraceAsString());
             throw $e;
         }
     }