diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/AutoSchoolmate.php b/app/Console/Commands/AutoSchoolmate.php
index 2015621..c08343a 100755
--- a/app/Console/Commands/AutoSchoolmate.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/AutoSchoolmate.php
@@ -41,38 +41,67 @@ class AutoSchoolmate extends Command
      */
     public function handle()
     {
-        // 获取所有已开始且需要自动加入校友库的课程
+        // 获取所有已开始且需要自动加入校友库的课程（只处理存在 start_date 的课程）
         $today = date('Y-m-d');
         $courses = Course::where('auto_schoolmate', 1)
-            ->where(function ($query) use ($today) {
-                // 方式1: start_date 已填写且 <= 今天
-                $query->where(function ($q) use ($today) {
-                    $q->whereNotNull('start_date')
-                        ->where('start_date', '<=', $today);
-                })
-                    // 方式2: 或者课程状态为进行中（即使 start_date 未及时填写）
-                    ->orWhere('course_status', 10);
-            })
+            ->whereNotNull('start_date')
+            ->where('start_date', '<=', $today)
             ->get();
 
+        if ($courses->isEmpty()) {
+            return $this->info('没有需要处理的课程');
+        }
+
+        $this->info("找到 {$courses->count()} 个需要处理的课程");
+
         $totalUpdated = 0;
+        $totalSkipped = 0;
+        $processedUserIds = []; // 记录已处理的用户ID，避免重复处理
+
         foreach ($courses as $course) {
-            // 获取报名通过的学员
-            $courseSigns = CourseSign::where('course_id', $course->id)->where('status', 1)->get();
+            // 获取报名通过的学员，并排除已经是校友的用户
+            $courseSigns = CourseSign::where('course_id', $course->id)
+                ->where('status', 1)
+                ->whereHas('user', function ($query) {
+                    // 排除已经是校友的用户（is_schoolmate = 1）
+                    $query->whereRaw('COALESCE(is_schoolmate, 0) != 1');
+                })->get();
+
             if ($courseSigns->isEmpty()) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            // 只更新还不是校友的学员；从 非校友→校友 时顺带写入 schoolmate_time
-            $userIds = $courseSigns->pluck('user_id')->unique()->values();
-            $updated = User::whereIn('id', $userIds)
-                ->whereRaw('COALESCE(is_schoolmate, 0) != 1')
-                ->update(['is_schoolmate' => 1, 'schoolmate_time' => now()]);
+            // 获取需要更新的用户ID，并排除已经在本脚本中处理过的用户
+            $userIds = $courseSigns->pluck('user_id')
+                ->unique()
+                ->filter(function ($userId) use (&$processedUserIds) {
+                    // 如果已经处理过，跳过
+                    if (in_array($userId, $processedUserIds)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $processedUserIds[] = $userId;
+                    return true;
+                })
+                ->values()
+                ->toArray();
+
+            if (empty($userIds)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // 批量更新：只更新还不是校友的学员；使用课程开课时间作为 schoolmate_time
+            $updated = User::batchUpdateToSchoolmate($userIds, $course->start_date);
 
             $totalUpdated += $updated;
+            $skipped = count($userIds) - $updated;
+            $totalSkipped += $skipped;
+
+            if ($updated > 0) {
+                $this->info("课程【{$course->name}】: 更新 {$updated} 位学员，跳过 {$skipped} 位已处理学员");
+            }
         }
 
-        return $this->info("更新完成，共处理 {$totalUpdated} 位学员");
+        return $this->info("更新完成，共处理 {$totalUpdated} 位学员，跳过 {$totalSkipped} 位已处理学员");
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Models/User.php b/app/Models/User.php
index 5c6d362..f0266a4 100755
--- a/app/Models/User.php
+++ b/app/Models/User.php
@@ -243,4 +243,28 @@ class User extends Authenticatable implements Auditable
         return $user->appointment_total - $useTotal >= 0 ? $user->appointment_total - $useTotal : 0;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 批量将用户更新为校友
+     * @param array $userIds 用户ID数组
+     * @param string $courseStartDate 课程开课时间（用于设置 schoolmate_time）
+     * @return int 更新的用户数量
+     */
+    public static function batchUpdateToSchoolmate(array $userIds, string $courseStartDate)
+    {
+        if (empty($userIds)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // 将课程开课时间转换为 datetime 格式
+        $schoolmateTime = Carbon::parse($courseStartDate)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+        // 批量更新：只更新还不是校友的学员；从 非校友→校友 时使用课程开课时间作为 schoolmate_time
+        return self::whereIn('id', $userIds)
+            ->whereRaw('COALESCE(is_schoolmate, 0) != 1')
+            ->update([
+                'is_schoolmate' => 1,
+                'schoolmate_time' => $schoolmateTime
+            ]);
+    }
+
 }